Polymeric Flexible Hose & Tubing

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NEW YORK, June 13, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Polymeric Flexible Hose & Tubinghttp://www.reportlinker.com/p01351955/Polymeric-Flexible-Hose--Tubing.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Resin_and_Rubber

INTRODUCTIONSTUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVESFlexible hose and tubing are old and established products, and their manufacture and sale has become a moderately large and quite broad–based sector of the United States economy. This study covers flexible hose/tubing made from polymeric materials (that is, what we commonly call plastics or rubber materials), as contrasted with rigid piping and rigid metal tubing (e.g., aluminum and copper tubing for automobiles and refrigerators), the latter is a subset of the piping industry. (Rigid polymeric pipe and tubing is covered at length in a recent companion BCC Research report, PLS053A, The U.S. Market for Plastic Pipe.)The broad base of the U.S. polymeric hose and tubing industry is illustrated both by the many different materials, both elastomeric and non–elastomeric, that are used to make hose and tubing, and also by the many different markets that are served by these materials and products. The terms tube and tubing are also different from pipe and piping. All pipes are tubes; however, because rigid tubing is smaller in diameter and usually quite thin, it is differentiated from piping. We also differentiate between flexible hose and tubing. A tube is usually defined as a long cylindrical body with a hollow center that is used to convey fluids, and a hose is generally considered to be a flexible tube. However, in flexible products we differentiate hose and tubing by also considering tubing to be a simpler product constructed from a single material, while hose is a more complex structure that usually consists of three layers: the tube itself at the center, some type of external reinforcement, and a protective covering material of some type.This study is an update of a 2008 BCC Research study by the same author of polymeric flexible hose and tubing materials and their markets, in which we bring up to date the state of the industry and BCC Research's estimates and forecasts for U.S. markets for base year 2012 and forecast year 2017. The U.S. hose and tubing industry is generally considered to be mature, but that does not tell the whole story. The changing nature and general decline in the U.S. manufacturing sector has increased competition among supplier companies and materials of hose and tubing construction and caused some important changes in this industry in recent years; we review them here and forecast their effects on the industry. However, in this update, like in the last one, there were fewer really new developments in the last five years or so, compared to years past. Continual improvements yes, but no real new materials to revolutionize the industry.However, even with the general state of maturity in this industry, some changes continue to add an interesting dynamic to what is essentially a stable market that grows on average at about the rate of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP).The first of these changes has been the development of newer hose and tubing materials that compete with older more established synthetic resins and elastomers. The most important of these are thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs); products that no longer can be considered to be "new" but which still are being developed and competing. Important hose and tubing TPEs include thermoplastic olefins (TPOs) and alloys (TPVs) produced with metallocene/single site and other newer catalyst systems, as well as the older TPEs such as thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) and styrene block copolymers. As thermoplastics they are easier to process than older thermosetting rubbers.Next, engine changes are constantly being made in the very important automotive under–the–hood hose and tubing category. Newer overhead cam four–valve engines tend to run hotter than older push rod designs, and several of the most common elastomers, especially nitrile rubber, cannot be used at the temperatures now occurring under the hood; other materials must be substituted. Newer engine types, primarily hybrids at this time with electric cars still relatively rare, will have some effect on the use of polymeric hose and tubing. For example, electric motors need few or no hoses and tubing but since today's hybrid vehicles still have a gasoline engine, hose and tubing should be needed in good quantities through our forecast period.Another continuing change is in motor gasoline formulations, with lowered aromatics content and increasing use of oxygenates as octane enhancers and anti–pollution additives. Legislation calls for the addition of oxygenates to motor fuel with increasing quantities to meet ongoing Congressional mandates: today and for the foreseeable future this additive will be ethanol. Fuel lines must not only withstand new fuels and additives, but also cannot allow them to permeate through the hose or tube wall into the atmosphere.The ethanol situation is interesting, and it may affect the markets for flexible hose and tubing. Ethanol is water soluble, and carmakers are learning what effects it has on hoses (and engine performance). To date it has been found that ethanol has little effect on automotive fuel lines, at least at the current 10% maximum inclusion rate. However, farm–state Congressmen and Senators are constantly pushing to get this maximum increased and have passed legislation mandating that 36 billion gallons of ethanol be blended into U.S. motor fuels by 2022. The EPA, calculating that this amount of ethanol could not be blended without increasing the ethanol level to 15%, ruled in January 2010 that the maximum level could be raised to 15%, but only for vehicles built since 2007. The 15% level is being fought by both the automotive and petroleum refining industries, as well as hose and tubing suppliers that claim that this level will damage engines, make them run poorly, and damage parts such as hoses. This controversy is ongoing.Another major automotive industry change in the mid–1990s was that of primary auto air conditioner refrigerant, from CFC–12 (Freon–12) to HFC–134a. This necessitated changes in the hose and tubing used; this change was made successfully since HFC–134a operates under similar conditions to CFC–12 and major compressor and other component redesigns were not required. Now there is a push by global warming activists to also ban HFCs, which do not deplete the ozone layer but do increase global warming. The European Union has banned HFC–134a in all cars in that area starting with model year 2011, and car makers and producers of auto air conditioners scrambled to find another replacement. The most promising replacement is a new hydrofluoroolefin called HFO–1234yf, which has almost no global warming potential. The affects this new refrigerant has on automotive air conditioning hoses remains to be seen.Competition between synthetic elastomers and natural rubber is constant and is based on price for many applications. At the time of the last update of this report in 2008 natural rubber had increased to the point that synthetic rubbers were replacing natural rubber. At this writing in spring 2013 the price of natural rubber remains above that of most of its competing synthetics for tires and other large markets, and synthetic rubbers continue to replace natural rubber. The recent fall in the U.S. dollar (which affects export and import markets) also affects the U.S. producers, for a falling dollar makes imports of natural rubber more expensive.We have subdivided the market into four main sectors:Automotive.Hydraulics.Industrial.Consumer/healthcare.Automotive, hydraulic, and many industrial products are primarily hose, while tubing is primarily medical with some industrial tubing. There are many subcategories in each segment, as can be seen from the length and complexity of the Table of Contents. Most of these market segments follow the ups and downs of the national economy, with the exception of tubing for healthcare applications that have been growing at a faster rate as healthcare spending has tended to outpace GDP. With the onset of managed care, healthcare cost controls, and proposed government anti–deficit measures, the growth of medical tubing continues to come down, and we believe that it will approach or equal GDP rates, at least in some sectors.It is the goal of this report to give the reader a comprehensive update on the state of the U.S. flexible hose and tubing industry and the polymeric materials from which such products are made, and where BCC Research believes it is headed for the next five years, with market estimates and forecasts through 2017.Flexible hose and tubing is made from many different polymeric materials, both elastomeric and non–elastomeric (that is, hoses and tubes that may or may not stretch) both natural (which means natural rubber in this case) and synthetic. Among the synthetics we have both thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Because of this diversity of materials we place major emphasis in this report on these materials, their properties, manufacture, and markets.

Our objectives include:To describe the flexible hose and tubing industry, its importance to the functioning and quality of life, and its future prospects. We include a brief historical perspective on the materials and the industry.To describe many different types of hose and tubing products, the polymeric materials from which they are made, and their major end–use markets in the United States. We describe, discuss, and estimate markets for major types of hose and tubing by type of polymer used and by several of the important major applications. To analyze and estimate industry production and shipments in base year 2012 and forecast growth through 2017 for several of the major hose and tubing material and application markets.To describe methods used both to manufacture the polymeric raw materials and to fabricate hose and tubing structures.To identify and profile some of the major suppliers of materials and products for the hose and tubing industry.To describe hose and tubing technology and trends. This includes both polymer and hose and tubing production technology.To note and discuss some of the major dynamics in the industry, including industry concentration, inter–material competition, and some international effects on the U.S. industry, primarily from activities of foreign firms.To discuss some environmental and regulatory issues and factors that affect the hose and tubing industry, including the many standards that affect manufacture and quality.This study focuses primarily on the United States but also, as noted above in our objectives, has some international observations, given the global nature of business and trade these days, when no nation or region can operate without consideration of the rest of the world. However, most of the products covered are American in nature and production, and our market estimates and forecasts are for the U.S. market.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDYFlexible hose and tubing continues to be a dynamic industry, despite its maturity and modest growth rate and the rather staid general impression of garden hose, under–the–hood automotive hose, and other everyday products. Several important changes have occurred in this industry in recent years, and they continue; in fact, their pace will probably increase with new regulatory and environmental rules and requirements in such important sectors as automotive and industrial hose and tubing. For example, as we note in this report, newer auto engines tend to run hotter under the hood, increasing the need for hoses and tubing that can withstand these higher temperatures.But these changes are for the most part coming in an evolutionary, rather than a revolutionary, way. Only a sudden major change can cause revolutionary change. Examples of such changes, both again from the important automotive sector, can be the banning of one auto air conditioner refrigerant and the substitution of another, and major changes in the composition of motor fuels such as the mandating of significant increases in ethanol content.Both newer and older materials compete for places in the hose and tubing market. The major competitive factors in the market are those between materials and technologies. Inter–material competition is a way of life in a technologically advancing society, and hose and tubing markets are no exception. There is strong competition and significant overcapacity in several sectors, and new technologies and products continue to also strive for market share. For example, thermoplastic elastomers have gained markets at the expense of older traditional thermosets. Higher–performance thermoplastics like fluoropolymers and nylons are finding new uses where their properties justify their cost.BCC Research has performed and updated this study to provide a comprehensive and updated reference for those interested and/or involved in the polymeric flexible hose and tubing industry, including those that serve and benefit from this industry. This is a wide and varied group of personnel in the materials, chemical, polymer, mechanical equipment, and parts suppliers; the latter both for original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and for those involved in the important maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) aftermarket business. We have sorted through, organized, and condensed information from a large amount of literature and other reference materials to compile this report.

INTENDED READERSHIPBecause of the size and diversity of flexible hose and tubing materials, products, and markets, this report should be of interest to a wide group of organizations and individuals that are involved in the development, design, manufacture, sale, and use of hose and tubing and materials, as well as politicians and the general public. BCC Research believes that this report will be of value to technical and business personnel in the following areas, among others:Marketing and management personnel in companies that produce, market, and sell all types of hose and tubing, as well as those involved in installing equipment and parts, components, maintenance materials, and chemicals for cleaning and other uses.Companies that supply, or want to supply, equipment and services to hose and tubing material and equipment supply companies.Financial institutions that supply money for such facilities and systems, including banks, merchant bankers, venture capitalists, and others.Personnel in end–user companies, communities, and industries that purchase and use hose and tubing. This includes some huge industries such as automotive and healthcare.Personnel in government and standards–writing organizations. Local, state, and federal officials are all involved in writing and enforcing standards to ensure and protect public health and safety as well as the environment. Since much hose and tubing is used to convey flammable, hazardous, toxic, or otherwise potentially dangerous fluids, the public must be assured that it is made and used in a proper and safe manner.SCOPE AND FORMATThis BCC Research study covers in depth many of the most important economic, technological, political, regulatory, and environmental considerations in U.S. markets for materials used in manufacture of polymeric flexible hose and tubing, as well as those for the resulting hose and tubing products.Such products are made from several different polymers, natural and synthetic, both elastomeric and non–elastomeric, to produce a number of different types of hose and tubing. We focus on thermosetting elastomers, both natural and synthetic rubbers, and on thermoplastic hose and tubing materials; the latter group includes both plastic resins and thermoplastic elastomers.Our study includes older and newer key technologies, the markets, and major companies that make up the U.S. hose and tubing industry. This is, primarily, a study of activities and markets in the United States, but because of the global nature of most industries these days, it touches on some noteworthy international activities. These include activities that can have an impact on U.S. business and markets, particularly those of foreign–based companies in U.S. markets.Demand data are estimated for base year 2012 and forecast for five years through 2017. Markets are all analyzed, estimated, and projected in pounds of materials used. Five-year growth rates are all compounded (signified as compounded annual growth rates or CAGRs). Market volumes are, in all cases, rounded to the nearest million pounds. In some sub–markets individual material volumes are small, lower than half a million pounds. We list these volumes as zero, noting with an asterisk that there is a market but a very small one. Because of rounding some growth rates will not agree exactly with figures in the market tables, especially for very small markets of only a few million estimated pounds that have been rounded to the nearest million.Including this Introduction, there are 10 sections of this report. Following the Introduction is the summary chapter, which encapsulates our findings and conclusions, and provides a summary market table. This table is where busy executives can find major findings of the study in summary format.Next is an overview of the flexible hose and tubing industry. We start with some historical background and perspective on hose and tubing and define and describe the major markets in the United States.Next is the first of our market analysis sections, this one devoted to estimates and forecasts by physical volume in pounds of hose and tubing material.The next section looks at hose and tubing markets by some of the most important applications. These include automotive, hydraulic, industrial, and consumer markets; the latter includes the important healthcare tubing market. We break out several important types of hose and tubing for expanded discussion and analysis.Next is a section devoted to hose and tubing technology, with special emphasis on the manufacture of hose and tubing materials and products. We cover the basic technologies of rubber and polymer manufacture as well as hose and tubing fabrication and process economics. We also include a discussion of some technical innovations in hose and tubing.Following the technology section we look at the structure and some competitive factors and trends in the U.S. flexible hose and tubing industry. We discuss competition among materials and note some international aspects that affect the U.S. industry.The next section is devoted to a discussion of regulatory, environmental, and public issues that affect the hose and tubing industry. These include (1) important standards for hose and tubing manufacture that are designed to protect the public, (2) regulatory issues, (3) some ongoing environmental issues, and (4) public perceptions.The final narrative section is devoted to information and profiles of the most important suppliers to this large industry. Contact information is also provided.The final chapter is an appendix that provides a glossary of some important terms, abbreviations, acronyms, etc., used in the hose and tubing industry and related technologies.Some topics and materials covered in the text of this report are not included in our market forecast tables. We include these topics and materials for completeness; however, they are either outside the scope of this study (such as discussion of international activities and markets) or may be too new to have yet developed a measurable commercial market.As noted as the beginning of this section, this is a study of flexible hose and tubing produced from polymeric materials. We do not cover either rigid plastic pipe/tubing or metal pipe and tubing. Markets for rigid plastic pipe and tubing are covered, as noted earlier, in detail in a companion BCC Research report by the same author, The U.S. Market for Plastic Pipe, Report PLS053A.Outside the scope of this study are tubes and tubing that are not usually considered part of the traditional industries for hose and tubing that transport fluids and other materials. Other uses for tubes and tubing include such products as core tubes for paper towel and tissue products, fiber tube packaging for juice concentrates and other food/beverage products, toothpaste and other product packaging tubes, drinking straws, etc. Structural, and other fabrication tubing, as well as decorative tubes, are also outside our scope. Thus this report is devoted exclusively to flexible hose and tubing used for material transport.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCESExtensive searches were made of literature and the Internet, including many leading trade publications, as well as technical compendia, government publications, and information from trade and other associations. Much of the product and market information was obtained from the principals involved in the industry. The information for our company profiles was obtained primarily from the companies themselves, especially the larger publicly owned firms. Other sources included directories, articles, and Internet sites.

ANALYST CREDENTIALSDr. J. Charles Forman has more than 50 years of chemical engineering and business experience in private business in the healthcare industry, at a major educational not–for–profit association, and as an independent technical writer and analyst. He is knowledgeable of the worldwide chemical process industries, with specialization in healthcare, petroleum and petrochemicals, specialty and agrichemicals, plastics, and packaging. He has written many market research reports for BCC Research on subjects including polymers and plastic packaging, petroleum processing, healthcare policy and products, food and feed additives, chemicals/petrochemicals/specialty chemicals, pesticides, biotechnology, catalysts, and spectroscopy.

TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 5INTENDED READERSHIP 6SCOPE AND FORMAT 6METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 8ANALYST CREDENTIALS 8RELATED BCC REPORTS 9BCC RESEARCH ONLINE SERVICES 9DISCLAIMER 9CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 11SUMMARY TABLE OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, THROUGH2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 12SUMMARY FIGURE OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, 2012 AND2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 12CHAPTER 3 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 15SOME HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND PERSPECTIVE 15THERMOSETTING ELASTOMERS (RUBBER COMPOUNDS) 17Nomenclature/Acronyms 19THERMOPLASTIC RESINS 20THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 22IMPORTANCE OF HOSE AND TUBING TO THE NATIONAL ECONOMY 23TABLE 1 ANNUAL SHIPMENTS FOR SELECTED U.S. MANUFACTURING SECTORS,2001-2009 ($ BILLIONS) 24PRIMARY MARKETS FOR HOSE AND TUBING 26AUTOMOTIVE HOSE AND TUBING 27Air Conditioning (A/C) System Hose 28Cooling System Hose 28Fuel System Hose 28Power Steering System Hose 29Transmission Oil and Engine Oil Coolant Hose 29Vacuum Hose 30Other Automotive System Hose and Tubing 30HYDRAULIC HOSE AND TUBING 30INDUSTRIAL HOSE AND TUBING 31Air Hose/Multipurpose Hose 31Chemical/Petroleum Process and Transfer Hose 32Fire Hose 32Food Handling Hose and Tubing 32Material Handling Hose 33Steam Hose/Industrial Cleaning Hose 33Other Industrial Hose 33Industrial Tubing 33CONSUMER AND HEALTHCARE HOSE AND TUBING 34Garden Hose 34Medical Tubing 35Other Consumer Applications 35CHAPTER 4 MARKETS BY MATERIALS 37INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 37THERMOSETTING ELASTOMERS 38THERMOPLASTIC RESINS 38THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS (TPES) 38THERMOPLASTIC VS. THERMOSETTING HOSE/TUBING MATERIALS 39ELASTOMERIC VS. NON-ELASTOMERIC HOSE/TUBING MATERIALS 39OVERALL MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST 40TABLE 2 OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, THROUGH 2017(MILLION POUNDS) 40THERMOSETTING ELASTOMERS 41EXTENDERS OR DILUENTS 43FILLERS 43PROTECTIVE CHEMICALS 43TABLE 3 INFORMATION PARAMETERS FOR HOSE/TUBING MATERIAL SELECTION 44NATURAL VS. SYNTHETIC RUBBER 46Natural Rubber 46Synthetic Rubber 47TABLE 4 A COMPARISON OF RUBBER PROPERTIES 49THERMOSETTING HOSE/TUBING MATERIALS: OVERALL MARKET ESTIMATEAND FORECAST 49TABLE 5 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOSETTING ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 50Acrylate-Based Rubbers (ABR, ACM, EAM) 51Market Analysis and Estimate 51TABLE 6 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF ACRYLATE-BASED ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 52Acrylate-Butadiene Rubber Properties 53TABLE 7 ACRYLATE–BUTADIENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 53Butyl (Isobutene-Isoprene) Rubber (IIR) 53Market Analysis and Estimate 54TABLE 8 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF BUTYL/HALOBUTYL RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 54Butyl Rubber Properties 55TABLE 9 BUTYL (ISOBUTENE–ISOPRENE) RUBBER PROPERTIES 55Chlorinated Polyethylene Elastomer (CPE or CM) 56Market Analysis and Estimate 56TABLE 10 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE ELASTOMERRUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017(MILLION POUNDS) 57CPE Rubber Properties 58TABLE 11 CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE ELASTOMER PROPERTIES 58Chloroprene Rubber (CR/Neoprene) 58Market Analysis and Estimate 59TABLE 12 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLOROPRENE (NEOPRENE) RUBBER USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 59Chloroprene Rubber Properties 60TABLE 13 CHLOROPRENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 60Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber (CSM/Hypalon) 61Market Analysis and Estimate 61TABLE 14 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE RUBBERUSED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONPOUNDS) 61CSM Rubber Properties 62TABLE 15 CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 62Ethylene-Propylene Rubbers (EPR/EPM and EPDM) 63Market Analysis and Estimate 64TABLE 16 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RUBBERS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 64EPDM Rubber Properties 65TABLE 17 ETHYLENE–PROPYLENE–DIENE (EPDM) RUBBER PROPERTIES 65Fluoroelastomers (CFM, FKM, FFKM) 66CFM Elastomers 66FKM Elastomers 66FFKM Elastomers 67FXM Elastomers 67Market Analysis and Estimate 67TABLE 18 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF FLUOROELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 68Fluoroelastomer Properties 69TABLE 19 FLUOROELASTOMER PROPERTIES 70Natural Rubber (NR) 71Market Analysis and Estimate 71TABLE 20 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NATURAL RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 71Natural Rubber Properties 72TABLE 21 NATURAL RUBBER PROPERTIES 73Nitrile (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene) Rubber (NBR) 73Market Analysis and Estimate 73TABLE 22 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NITRILE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 74Nitrile Rubber Properties 75TABLE 23 ACRYLONITRILE–BUTADIENE (NITRILE) RUBBER PROPERTIES 75Nitrile/PVC Blends (NBR/PVC) 76TABLE 24 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NITRILE/PVC BLENDS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 77Polyether Elastomers (CO, ECO, Etc.) 77Market Analysis and Estimate 78TABLE 25 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYETHER ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 78Polyether Rubber Properties 79TABLE 26 POLYETHER RUBBER PROPERTIES 79Silicone Rubber (Q, MQ, VMQ, Etc.) 80Market Analysis and Estimate 81TABLE 27 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF SILICONE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 81Silicone Rubber Properties 82TABLE 28 SILICONE RUBBER PROPERTIES 82Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) 83Market Analysis and Estimate 83TABLE 29 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 83Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Properties 84TABLE 30 STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 85COST/PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS 85TABLE 31 COST-PERFORMANCE HIERARCHY FOR THERMO-SETTING ELASTOMERS 86THERMOPLASTIC RESINS (NON-ELASTOMERIC) 86TABLE 32 THERMOPLASTIC VERSUS THERMOSETTING MATERIALS 87THERMOPLASTIC RESIN HOSE/TUBING MATERIALS: OVERALL MARKETESTIMATE AND FORECAST 88TABLE 33 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC RESINS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH 2017(MILLION POUNDS) 88Fluoropolymers 88Market Analysis and Estimate 89TABLE 34 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF FLUOROPOLYMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 89Important Fluoropolymer Hose and Tubing Uses 90Fluoropolymer Properties 92Polyamides (Nylons) 93Market Analysis and Estimate 94TABLE 35 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYAMIDES (NYLONS) USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 94Polyamide Properties 95Polyethylenes and Ethylene Copolymers 95Market Analysis and Estimate 96TABLE 36 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYETHYLENES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 96Polyethylene Properties 97TABLE 37 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF COMMON GRADES OFPOLYETHYLENE 97High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) 99Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) 99Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) 100Cross-linked Polyethylene 100Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-HDPE orUHMWPE) 101Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers (EVA) 102Polypropylene 103Market Analysis and Estimate 103TABLE 38 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYPROPYLENE USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 103Polypropylene Properties 104Polyvinyl Chloride 105Market Analysis and Estimate 105TABLE 39 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 105PVC Properties 107THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS (TPE) 107OVERALL MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST 108TABLE 40 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 108ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 109TABLE 41 PROCESSING STEPS FOR THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS COMPARED TOTHERMOSETS 110TYPES AND GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 111TABLE 42 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS CLASSES OFTHERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 112Copolyester TPEs (COPEs) 112Market Analysis and Estimate 113TABLE 43 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF COPOLYESTER (COPE) TPES USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 113Styrene Block Copolymers (SBS, SEBS, etc.) 114Market Analysis and Estimate 115TABLE 44 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF STYRENE BLOCK COPOLYMER TPES USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 115Thermoplastic Olefins (TPO) 115Market Analysis and Estimate 116TABLE 45 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC OLEFIN TPOS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 116Thermoplastic Alloys (TPVs and MPRs) 117Market Analysis and Estimate 117TABLE 46 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC ALLOY TPES USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 117Thermoplastic Polyurethanes (TPUs) 118Market Analysis and Estimate 118TABLE 47 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANES (TPUS) USEDIN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONPOUNDS) 119Thermoplastic Polyamides 120Market Analysis and Estimate 120COST/PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 120TABLE 48 COST-PERFORMANCE HIERARCHY FOR THERMO- PLASTIC ELASTOMERS 121CHAPTER 5 MARKETS BY MAJOR APPLICATIONS 123GENERAL OVERVIEW AND MARKET STRUCTURE 123OVERALL MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST 123POLYMERIC MATERIALS MARKET VOLUME ESTIMATES 124TABLE 49 OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE HOSE AND TUBING, BY MAJOR APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONPOUNDS) 124HOSE AND TUBING MARKET VALUES 125AUTOMOTIVE/AERONAUTIC HOSE AND TUBING 126MARKET ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATE 127TABLE 50 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEHOSE AND TUBING: AUTOMOTIVE/AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017(MILLION POUNDS) 127UNDER-THE-HOOD HOSE AND TUBING 128Market Analysis and Estimate 128TABLE 51 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEHOSE AND TUBING FOR AUTOMOTIVE UNDER-THE-HOOD APPLICATIONS,THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 129Air-conditioning System 129Cooling System 130Fuel System 131Power Steering System 133Transmission Oil and Engine Oil Coolant Hose 133Vacuum Systems 134Unclassified/Other Automotive Hose and Tubing 134AIR BRAKE HOSE 134AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS 135HYDRAULIC HOSE 136MARKET ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATE 138TABLE 52 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEHOSE: HYDRAULIC HOSE THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 138THERMOPLASTIC HYDRAULIC HOSE 139THERMOSET HYDRAULIC HOSE 140INDUSTRIAL HOSE 140MARKET ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATE 141TABLE 53 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSEFOR INDUSTRIAL HOSE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 141AIR AND MULTIPURPOSE HOSE 142CHEMICAL/PETROLEUM PROCESS AND TRANSFER HOSE 142Chemical Hose 143Petroleum Hose 143Petroleum Transfer Hose 144Petroleum Dock Hose 145Offshore Well Product Transfer Hose 145Petroleum Dispensing Hose 146FIRE HOSE 146FOOD HANDLING HOSE 147MATERIAL HANDLING HOSE 148STEAM HOSE/EQUIPMENT CLEANING HOSE 148UNCLASSIFIED/OTHER INDUSTRIAL HOSE 149INDUSTRIAL TUBING 149MAJOR MARKETS FOR INDUSTRIAL TUBING 149MARKET ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATE 150TABLE 54 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLETUBING FOR INDUSTRIAL TUBING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONPOUNDS) 151THERMOSETTING ELASTOMER INDUSTRIAL TUBING 152THERMOPLASTIC RESINS (NON-ELASTOMERIC) INDUSTRIAL TUBING 152THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERIC INDUSTRIAL TUBING 153CHEMICAL TUBING 154FOOD AND BEVERAGE TUBING 154FUEL AND LUBRICANT TUBING 155HYDRAULIC/PNEUMATIC CONTROL TUBING 156INSTRUMENTATION TUBING 156LABORATORY TUBING 157Commodity Thermoplastic Resins 157Fluoropolymers 158Silicone Rubber Tubing 158Vacuum Tubing 158NATURAL GAS TUBING 158TELECOMMUNICATIONS TUBING 158ULTRAPURE MATERIALS TRANSPORT TUBING 159WATER TUBING (DRAIN-LINES, SPRAY TUBING, ETC.) 159UNCLASSIFIED/OTHER INDUSTRIAL TUBING 160CONSUMER AND HEALTHCARE HOSE AND TUBING 160MARKET ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATE 160TABLE 55 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEHOSE AND TUBING FOR CONSUMER AND HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 160GARDEN HOSE 161MEDICAL TUBING 162Thermoplastic Medical Tubing 163Thermosetting Elastomer Medical Tubing 164Catheters 164Drainage, Suction, and Connection Tubing 165Tubing for Intravenous (IV) Solution Sets 166Tubing for other Medical Bags and Systems 166Peristaltic Pump Tubing 166Ventilation and Oxygen Tubing 167Other Medical Tubing 167OTHER CONSUMER APPLICATIONS 168LPG and Natural Gas Hose 168Pool and Spa Hose 168Vacuum Cleaner Hose 168CHAPTER 6 TECHNOLOGY 170OVERVIEW TO TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES 170MANUFACTURE OF HOSE AND TUBING MATERIALS 170RUBBER MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 170NATURAL RUBBER MANUFACTURE 172Natural Rubber Structure 173SYNTHETIC RUBBER MANUFACTURE 173Emulsion Polymerization 173Mass Polymerization 173Solution Polymerization 174ACRYLATE-BASED RUBBERS (ABR, ACM, EAM) 174BUTYL (ISOBUTENE-ISOPRENE) RUBBER (IIR) 174Halobutyl Rubber 175CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE ELASTOMER (CPE) 176CHLOROPRENE RUBBER (CR) 176CHLOROSULFONYL POLYETHYLENE RUBBER (CSM) 177ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RUBBERS (EPM/EPR AND EPDM) 178FLUOROELASTOMERS 178NITRILE (ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE) RUBBER (NBR) 179POLYETHER ELASTOMERS (CO AND ECO) 179SILICONE RUBBER 180STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER (SBR) 180RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURE 181FILLERS AND REINFORCING AGENTS 181SOFTENERS 182ACCELERATORS 182SULFUR 182SYNTHETIC POLYMER MANUFACTURE 182FLUOROPOLYMERS 183TABLE 56 FLUOROPOLYMER NAMES AND ACRONYMS 184TABLE 57 FLUOROPOLYMER RAW MATERIALS AND SYNTHETIC ROUTES 184POLYAMIDES (NYLONS) 185POLYETHYLENES AND ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS 185Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) 186High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) 187Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) 187Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) 187POLYPROPYLENE 188Atactic PP 188Isotactic PP 188Syndiotactic PP 189POLYVINYL CHLORIDE 189THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER (TPE) MANUFACTURE 190COPOLYESTER TPES (COPE OR ETE) 191STYRENIC BLOCK COPOLYMER TPES 191THERMOPLASTIC POLYOLEFIN ELASTOMERS (TPO) 192THERMOPLASTIC ALLOY ELASTOMERS (TPV AND MPR) 193Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPV) 194Single Phase Melt Processable Rubber (MPR) 194THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS (TPU) 195HOSE AND TUBING MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES 196HOSE MANUFACTURE 196Non-Mandrel Hose 196Rigid Mandrel Hose 197Flexible Mandrel Hose 197Wrapped Ply Hose (Machine Built) 197Wrapped Ply Hose (Hand Built) 198Circular Woven Hose 198Spiral Ply Hose 198TUBING MANUFACTURE 199TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS 199AUTOMOTIVE HOSE AND TUBING 200HYDRAULIC HOSE AND TUBING 200INDUSTRIAL HOSE 200INDUSTRIAL TUBING 201MEDICAL TUBING 201APPLICATIONS-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENTS 201Automotive Hose 201Hydraulic Hose 204Industrial Hose 204HOSE AND TUBING FABRICATION DEVELOPMENTS 204Automotive Hose and Tubing 205Hydraulic Hose 206THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER DEVELOPMENTS 207Fluoropolymers 207Polyamides (Nylons) 207Polyethylenes and Ethylene Copolymers 208Polypropylene 209Polyvinyl Chloride and Other Vinyl Resins 209THERMOSET POLYMER DEVELOPMENTS 210Chloroprene Rubber (CR) 210Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber 211Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber (EPDM) 211Fluoroelastomers 212Nitrile Rubber (NBR) 212Polyether Elastomers (CO and ECO) 213Silicone Rubber 213Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) 214THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER DEVELOPMENTS 214ELASTOMERIC POLYMER BLENDS 214CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE FACTORS 216INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 216INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION 217RECENT MERGERS, ACQUISITIONS, AND OTHER CORPORATE CHANGES 218ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS 219CUSTOM EXTRUSION 219DISTRIBUTION 220INTERMATERIAL COMPETITION 221SOME INTERNATIONAL ISSUES 221CHAPTER 8 REGULATORY, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND PUBLIC FACTORS 224STANDARDS-WRITING AND REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS 224AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR 225TABLE 58 REPRESENTATIVE SAE STANDARDS FOR AUTOMOTIVE HOSE ANDTUBING 226DRINKING WATER 226FOOD INDUSTRY 227REGULATORY ISSUES 228ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 229HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM MOTOR VEHICLES AND FACILITIES 229LEVELS OF EXTRACTABLES 230CHLORINE AND CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS 231CARCINOGENS 231OSHA STANDARDS 232RECYCLING AND USE OF RECYCLED MATERIALS 232PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS 233CHAPTER 9 SUPPLIER COMPANY PROFILES 236INTRODUCTION 236SUPPLIER COMPANIES 237ARKEMA, INC. 237ASHLAND INC./ASHLAND ELASTOMERS 238AVON AUTOMOTIVE 238BASF GROUP 239BASF POLYURETHANES NORTH AMERICA 239BAYER GROUP 239BRIDGESTONE/FIRESTONE INC. 240CELANESE CORPORATION/TICONA 241CHEMTURA CORPORATION 242COOPER-STANDARD AUTOMOTIVE, INC. 243CRANE RESISTOFLEX 243DAIKIN INDUSTRIES LTD. DAIKIN AMERICA INC. 244DEXCO POLYMERS LP 244THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY 244DOW CORNING CORPORATION 246DSM 246E.I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY 247EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY 248EATON CORPORATION PLC 249ENTEGRIS, INC. 250EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION 250FLEXMASTER U.S.A. INC. - SEE MASTERDUCT HOLDING, INC. 252FLUORTUBING USA 252GATES & TOMKINS LTD. 253THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY 253HBD INDUSTRIES/HBD THERMOID, INC. 254HITACHI CABLE, LTD. 254INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY PRODUCTS - SEE ASHLAND INC. 255KANAFLEX CORPORATION 255KEY FIRE HOSE 255KRATON PERFORMANCE POLYMERS, INC. 256KURARAY AMERICA, INC. 256KURIYAMA OF AMERICA, INC. 257LANXESS CORPORATION 258LION COPOLYMER LLC 259THE LUBRIZOL CORPORATION 259LYONDELLBASELL INDUSTRIES/EQUISTAR CHEMICALS LP 260MARK IV, LLC 261MASTERDUCT HOLDING, INC. 261MINNESOTA MINING & MANUFACTURING COMPANY 262MOMENTIVE PERFORMANCE MATERIALS INC. 263MYTEX POLYMERS U.S. CORPORATION 263NEW AGE INDUSTRIES, INC. 264THE NOVAFLEX GROUP/FLEXMASTER CANADA - SEE MASTERDUCTHOLDING, INC. 265OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. 265PACCAR INC./DYNACRAFT 265PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION 265PLASTIFLEX COMPANY INC. 266POLYONE CORPORATION/ GLS THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 267SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS CORPORATION 268SCHULMAN (A.) INC. 269SNAP-TITE INC. - SEE PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION 269SOLVAY SPECIALTY POLYMERS USA LLC 269STYRON LLC 270TEEL PLASTICS, INC. 270TEKNI-PLEX INC. 271TEKNOR APEX COMPANY 272TI AUTOMOTIVE 273TITEFLEX CORPORATION 273TOSOH USA, INC. 274TOYODA GOSEI CO., LTD 274ZEON CORPORATION 275ZEUS, INC. 276CHAPTER 10 APPENDIX: GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS,ACRONYMS AND SO FORTH 278LIST OF TABLESSUMMARY TABLE OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, THROUGH2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 12TABLE 1 ANNUAL SHIPMENTS FOR SELECTED U.S. MANUFACTURING SECTORS,2001-2009 ($ BILLIONS) 24TABLE 2 OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, THROUGH 2017(MILLION POUNDS) 40TABLE 3 INFORMATION PARAMETERS FOR HOSE/TUBING MATERIAL SELECTION 44TABLE 4 A COMPARISON OF RUBBER PROPERTIES 49TABLE 5 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOSETTING ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH 2017(MILLION POUNDS) 50TABLE 6 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF ACRYLATE-BASED ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 52TABLE 7 ACRYLATE–BUTADIENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 53TABLE 8 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF BUTYL/HALOBUTYL RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 54TABLE 9 BUTYL (ISOBUTENE–ISOPRENE) RUBBER PROPERTIES 55TABLE 10 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE ELASTOMERRUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017(MILLION POUNDS) 57TABLE 11 CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE ELASTOMER PROPERTIES 58TABLE 12 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLOROPRENE (NEOPRENE) RUBBER USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 59TABLE 13 CHLOROPRENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 60TABLE 14 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE RUBBERUSED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONPOUNDS) 61TABLE 15 CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 62TABLE 16 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RUBBERS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 64TABLE 17 ETHYLENE–PROPYLENE–DIENE (EPDM) RUBBER PROPERTIES 65TABLE 18 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF FLUOROELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 68TABLE 19 FLUOROELASTOMER PROPERTIES 70TABLE 20 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NATURAL RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 71TABLE 21 NATURAL RUBBER PROPERTIES 73TABLE 22 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NITRILE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 74TABLE 23 ACRYLONITRILE–BUTADIENE (NITRILE) RUBBER PROPERTIES 75TABLE 24 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NITRILE/PVC BLENDS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 77TABLE 25 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYETHER ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 78TABLE 26 POLYETHER RUBBER PROPERTIES 79TABLE 27 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF SILICONE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 81TABLE 28 SILICONE RUBBER PROPERTIES 82TABLE 29 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 83TABLE 30 STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 85TABLE 31 COST-PERFORMANCE HIERARCHY FOR THERMO-SETTING ELASTOMERS 86TABLE 32 THERMOPLASTIC VERSUS THERMOSETTING MATERIALS 87TABLE 33 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC RESINS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONPOUNDS) 88TABLE 34 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF FLUOROPOLYMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 89TABLE 35 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYAMIDES (NYLONS) USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 94TABLE 36 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYETHYLENES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 96TABLE 37 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF COMMON GRADES OF POLYETHYLENE 97TABLE 38 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYPROPYLENE USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 103TABLE 39 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 105TABLE 40 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH 2017(MILLION POUNDS) 108TABLE 41 PROCESSING STEPS FOR THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS COMPARED TOTHERMOSETS 110TABLE 42 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF THERMOPLASTICELASTOMERS 112TABLE 43 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF COPOLYESTER (COPE) TPES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEPOLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 113TABLE 44 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF STYRENE BLOCK COPOLYMER TPES USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 115TABLE 45 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC OLEFIN TPOS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 116TABLE 46 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC ALLOY TPES USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 117TABLE 47 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANES (TPUS) USED INU.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 119TABLE 48 COST-PERFORMANCE HIERARCHY FOR THERMO- PLASTIC ELASTOMERS 121TABLE 49 OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE HOSE AND TUBING, BY MAJOR APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONPOUNDS) 124TABLE 50 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEHOSE AND TUBING: AUTOMOTIVE/AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017(MILLION POUNDS) 127TABLE 51 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEHOSE AND TUBING FOR AUTOMOTIVE UNDER-THE-HOOD APPLICATIONS, THROUGH2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 129TABLE 52 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEHOSE: HYDRAULIC HOSE THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 138TABLE 53 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE FORINDUSTRIAL HOSE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 141TABLE 54 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLETUBING FOR INDUSTRIAL TUBING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 151TABLE 55 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLEHOSE AND TUBING FOR CONSUMER AND HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 160TABLE 56 FLUOROPOLYMER NAMES AND ACRONYMS 184TABLE 57 FLUOROPOLYMER RAW MATERIALS AND SYNTHETIC ROUTES 184TABLE 58 REPRESENTATIVE SAE STANDARDS FOR AUTOMOTIVE HOSE AND TUBING 226

LIST OF FIGURESSUMMARY FIGURE OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S.FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, 2012 AND2017 (MILLION POUNDS) 12

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